Dam Assisted Fluorescent Tagging of Chromatin Accessibility (DAFCA) for Optical Genome Mapping in Nanochannel Arrays.

Proteins and enzymes in the cell nucleus require physical access to their DNA target sites in order to perform genomic tasks such as gene activation and transcription. Hence, chromatin accessibility is a central regulator of gene expression, and its genomic profile holds essential information on the cell type and state. We utilized the E. coli Dam methyltransferase in combination with a fluorescent cofactor analogue to generate fluorescent tags in accessible DNA regions within the cell nucleus. The accessible portions of the genome are then detected by single-molecule optical genome mapping in nanochannel arrays. This method allowed us to characterize long-range structural variations and their associated chromatin structure. We show the ability to create whole-genome, allele-specific chromatin accessibility maps composed of long DNA molecules extended in silicon nanochannels.