The fecal microbiome and serum concentrations of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate in cats with chronic kidney disease.
Stacie C SummersJessica M QuimbyAnitha IsaiahJan S SuchodolskiPaul J LunghoferDaniel L GustafsonPublished in: Journal of veterinary internal medicine (2018)
Decreased fecal microbiome diversity and richness is associated with CKD in cats. Indoxyl sulfate concentration is significantly increased with CKD, and cats with stage 2 CKD may suffer from a similar uremic toxin burden as do cats with later stage disease.