Tip of the iceberg: extracardiac CT findings in infective endocarditis.
M E GreerN GhumanP T JohnsonS L ZimmermanE K FishmanJ FacciolaJavad R AzadiPublished in: Emergency radiology (2024)
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality rate, but diagnosis is confounded by diverse clinical presentations, which mimic other pathologies. A history of illicit intravenous drug use, previous cardiac valve surgery, and indwelling intracardiac devices increases the risk for developing infective endocarditis. The modified Duke criteria serve as the standard diagnostic tool, though its accuracy is reduced in certain cases. Radiologists in the Emergency Room setting reading body CT may be the first to identify the secondary extra-cardiac complications and facilitate expeditious management by considering otherwise unsuspected infective endocarditis. This review highlights common extracardiac complications of IE and their corresponding CT findings in the chest, abdomen, pelvis, and brain. If IE is suspected radiologists should suggest further investigation with echocardiography.
Keyphrases
- computed tomography
- image quality
- dual energy
- contrast enhanced
- left ventricular
- positron emission tomography
- artificial intelligence
- emergency department
- minimally invasive
- risk factors
- public health
- magnetic resonance imaging
- healthcare
- aortic valve
- working memory
- magnetic resonance
- coronary artery bypass
- pulmonary embolism
- low dose
- aortic stenosis
- brain injury
- pulmonary hypertension
- machine learning
- coronary artery disease
- blood brain barrier
- urinary tract infection
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- cerebral ischemia
- functional connectivity