Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occasionally breaches the urothelial tissue barrier and extends into the collecting system mimicking a transitional cell carcinoma. We present a case of a TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma in a young patient that extended to fill the entire upper urinary tract leading to a pre-operative diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) based on CT imaging. A sequential algorithm of IHC/FISH assays led to the correct diagnosis of TFE3-rearranged RCC. Awareness of this potential misdiagnosis, particularly in young patients, can mitigate significant morbidity.
Keyphrases
- renal cell carcinoma
- urinary tract
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- high resolution
- machine learning
- chronic kidney disease
- peritoneal dialysis
- computed tomography
- middle aged
- case report
- image quality
- contrast enhanced
- magnetic resonance
- mass spectrometry
- risk assessment
- patient reported
- climate change
- dual energy
- single cell
- pet ct