Nanozyme-Based Regulation of Cellular Metabolism and their Applications.

Metabolism is the sum of the enzyme-dependent chemical reactions, which produces energy in catabolic process and synthesizes biomass in anabolic process, exhibiting high similarity in mammalian cell, microbial cell, and plant cell. Consequently, the loss or gain of metabolic enzyme activity will greatly affect cellular metabolism. Nanozymes, as emerging enzyme mimics with diverse functions and adjustable catalytic activities, has shown attractive potential for metabolic regulation. Although the basic metabolic tasks are highly similar for the cells from different species, the concrete metabolic pathway varies with the intracellular structure of different species. In this review, we describe the basic metabolism in living organisms and discuss the similarities and differences in the metabolic pathways among mammalian, microbial and plant cells and the regulation mechanism. We then systematically review the recent progress on regulation of cellular metabolism mainly including nutrients uptake and utilization, energy production and the accompanied redox reactions by different kinds of oxidoreductases and their applications in the field of disease therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of nanozymes in regulating cell metabolism are also discussed, which will broaden their application scenarios. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.