Similarities and differences between multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes.
Valeria PozzilliEleonora Agata GrassoValentina TomassiniPublished in: Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews (2021)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are chronic conditions that result from dysfunction of the immune system. Their common root in autoimmunity stimulates interest in the exploration of similarities and differences between the two diseases. Genetic susceptibility is relevant, creating a substrate, on which environmental factors act as a trigger of an aberrant immune response. Despite being both T-cell mediated disorders with a strong involvement of the humoral arm, immunomodulation is a mainstay of MS management, whereas hormone replacement therapy remains the principal approach for T1D. T1D is usually diagnosed in children and adolescents, while MS is typical of young adults. This difference has implications for disease progression and treatment. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its effect on immunity may affect the prevalence of these conditions, as well as their clinical manifestation.
Keyphrases
- multiple sclerosis
- sars cov
- replacement therapy
- type diabetes
- immune response
- young adults
- white matter
- mass spectrometry
- smoking cessation
- glycemic control
- cardiovascular disease
- ms ms
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- coronavirus disease
- insulin resistance
- dendritic cells
- oxidative stress
- gene expression
- toll like receptor
- structural basis