Engineering patient-specific cancer immunotherapies.
Lindsay M ScheetzKyung Soo ParkQiao LiPedro R LowensteinMaria G CastroAnna SchwendemanJames J MoonPublished in: Nature biomedical engineering (2019)
Research into the immunological processes implicated in cancer has yielded a basis for the range of immunotherapies that are now considered the fourth pillar of cancer treatment (alongside surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). For some aggressive cancers, such as advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma, combination immunotherapies have resulted in unprecedented treatment efficacy for responding patients, and have become frontline therapies. Individualized immunotherapy, enabled by the identification of patient-specific mutations, neoantigens and biomarkers, and facilitated by advances in genomics and proteomics, promises to broaden the responder patient population. In this Perspective, we give an overview of immunotherapies leveraging engineering approaches, including the design of biomaterials, delivery strategies and nanotechnology solutions, for the realization of individualized cancer treatments such as nanoparticle vaccines customized with neoantigens, cell therapies based on patient-derived dendritic cells and T cells, and combinations of theranostic strategies. Developments in precision cancer immunotherapy will increasingly rely on the adoption of engineering principles.
Keyphrases
- papillary thyroid
- dendritic cells
- single cell
- squamous cell
- end stage renal disease
- minimally invasive
- early stage
- cell therapy
- immune response
- newly diagnosed
- ejection fraction
- radiation therapy
- childhood cancer
- mass spectrometry
- chronic kidney disease
- photodynamic therapy
- prognostic factors
- radiation induced
- young adults
- case report
- mesenchymal stem cells
- coronary artery bypass
- fluorescence imaging
- acute coronary syndrome
- patient reported outcomes
- percutaneous coronary intervention