Small molecule communication of Legionella : the ins and outs of autoinducer and nitric oxide signaling.
Sarah MichaelisLaura Gomez-ValeroTong ChenCamille SchmidCarmen BuchrieserHubert HilbiPublished in: Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR (2024)
SUMMARY Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium, which survives in planktonic form, colonizes biofilms, and infects protozoa. Upon inhalation of Legionella -contaminated aerosols, the opportunistic pathogen replicates within and destroys alveolar macrophages, thereby causing a severe pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. Gram-negative bacteria employ low molecular weight organic compounds as well as the inorganic gas nitric oxide (NO) for cell-cell communication. L. pneumophila produces, secretes, and detects the α-hydroxyketone compound Legionella autoinducer-1 (LAI-1, 3-hydroxypentadecane-4-one). LAI-1 is secreted by L. pneumophila in outer membrane vesicles and not only promotes communication among bacteria but also triggers responses from eukaryotic cells. L. pneumophila detects NO through three different receptors, and signaling through the volatile molecule translates into fluctuations of the intracellular second messenger cyclic-di-guanylate monophosphate. The LAI-1 and NO signaling pathways are linked via the pleiotropic transcription factor LvbR. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about inter-bacterial and inter-kingdom signaling through LAI-1 and NO by Legionella species.
Keyphrases
- nitric oxide
- gram negative
- small molecule
- transcription factor
- multidrug resistant
- single cell
- induced apoptosis
- cell therapy
- signaling pathway
- water soluble
- healthcare
- hydrogen peroxide
- heavy metals
- candida albicans
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- cell cycle arrest
- cell proliferation
- pi k akt
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- escherichia coli
- staphylococcus aureus
- biofilm formation
- drinking water
- reactive oxygen species
- climate change
- carbon dioxide
- ionic liquid
- respiratory failure
- drug induced
- genetic diversity