Synthesis of Bi 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 for enhanced photocatalytic CO 2 reduction with a Z-scheme mechanism.

Bi 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanoscale composites with a Z-scheme mechanism were successfully synthesized by high temperature calcination combined with a hydrothermal method. These synthesized composites exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, especially the 40 wt% Bi 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 composite, which produced about 1.8 times the CO yield of pure g-C 3 N 4 . The obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) and so on. Characterization results revealed that Bi ions had well covered the surface of g-C 3 N 4 , thus restraining the recombination of electron-hole pairs and resulting in a stronger visible-light response and higher CO yield. In addition, the electron transfer process through the Z-scheme mechanism also promoted the photocatalytic activity.