How do deep-learning models generalize across populations? Cross-ethnicity generalization of COPD detection.

Self-supervised learning methods outperform supervised learning methods, showing higher AUC values (p < 0.001). Balanced datasets with non-Hispanic White and African American individuals improve model performance. Training on diverse datasets enhances COPD detection accuracy. Ethnically diverse datasets reduce bias in COPD detection models. SimCLR models mitigate biases in COPD detection across ethnicities.