Lead-Free Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: From Fundamentals to Applications.
Thaís Adriany de Souza CarvalhoLeticia Ferreira MagalhaesCalink Indiara do Livramento SantosThiago Alvares Zamaro de FreitasBrener Rodrigo Carvalho ValeAndré Felipe Vale FonsecaMarco Antônio SchiavonPublished in: Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2022)
Lead (Pb) halide perovskite nanocrystals, with the general formula APbX 3 , where A=CH 3 NH 3+ , CH(NH 2 ) 2+ , or Cs + and X=Cl - , Br - , or I - , have emerged as a class of materials with promising properties due to their remarkable optical properties and solar cell performance. However, important issues still need to be addressed to enable practical applications of these materials, such as instability, mass production, and Pb toxicity. Recent studies have carried out the replacement of Pb by various less-toxic cations as Sn, Ge, Sb, and Bi. This variety of chemical compositions provide Pb-free perovskite and metal halide nanostructures with a wide spectral range, in addition to being considered less toxic, therefore having greater practical applicability. Highlighting the necessity to address and solve the toxicity problems related to Pb-containing perovskite, this review considers the prospects of the Pb-free perovskite, involving synthesis methods, and properties of them, including advantages, disadvantages, and applications.
Keyphrases
- room temperature
- heavy metals
- ionic liquid
- solar cells
- aqueous solution
- high efficiency
- oxidative stress
- risk assessment
- mental health
- magnetic resonance imaging
- perovskite solar cells
- stem cells
- optical coherence tomography
- computed tomography
- bone marrow
- human milk
- preterm infants
- mesenchymal stem cells
- current status
- metal organic framework