Basic Consideration for Facial Aging: Age-related Changes of the Bony Orbit and Orbicularis Oculi Muscle in East Asians.

This study showed that age-related changes of the bony orbit in Japanese individuals tended to be the same as those in Caucasians, but there were differences in degree of changes observed. As a new finding in the Japanese population, the OOM not only thins with aging, but also gradually loosens from the facial bone. In the elderly, only the nasal side of the OOM was attached to the bone. In clinical application, this could contribute to the development of cosmetic surgeries.