Photodynamic Cationic Ultrasmall Copper Oxide Nanoparticles-Loaded Liposomes for Alleviation of MRSA Biofilms.

Taken together, our findings suggest that photodynamic cationic ultrasmall copper oxide nanoparticles-loaded liposomes are a highly promising nano platform for combating antibiotic-resistant microbial pathogens and biofilms. The effective biofilm penetration and synergistic effect between photodynamic inactivation and metal sterilization make them a valuable tool for overcoming the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance.