Pulsed field ablation of spatiotemporal electrogram dispersion following pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial linear lesions for persistent atrial fibrillation: a case report.

Complex ablation procedures for persistent AF can be successfully performed with PFA. In the context of such extensive ablation strategies, PFA is an attractive energy source, given its non-thermal nature that is known to prevent damage to surrounding tissue and result in less chronic fibrosis. However, caution should be exercised to avoid excessive ablation when using the currently available multispline PFA catheter, as it may inadvertently target adjacent areas of healthy myocardium.