Staphylococcus aureus-derived extracellular vesicles induce monocyte recruitment by activating human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

SEVs as proinflammatory factors could mediate immune cell infiltration in AD by efficiently inducing endothelial cell activation and monocyte recruitment, which may provide insights into alleviating the S. aureus-mediated onset or progression of AD and its phenotypes.