Ferroptosis Inhibitory Compounds from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. MCCC 3A00126.

Two new xanthones ( 1 and 2 ) were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium sp. MCCC 3A00126 along with 34 known compounds ( 3 - 36 ). The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was validated by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. All isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity and ferroptosis inhibitory activities. Compounds 14 and 15 exerted potent cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cells, with IC 50 values of 5.5 and 3.5 μM, respectively, whereas 26 , 28 , 33 , and 34 significantly inhibited RSL3-induced ferroptosis, with EC 50 values of 11.6, 7.2, 11.8, and 2.2 μM, respectively.