Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk; what the pharmacotherapy can change through the epigenetics.
Pavlina A Andreeva-GatevaIvelina D MihalevaIvanka I DimovaPublished in: Postgraduate medicine (2019)
Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases are part of the metabolic syndrome and share similar risk factors, including obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Atherosclerosis and insulin resistance contribute to the development of the diseases, and subclinical inflammation is observed in both conditions. There are many proofs about the connection between epigenetic factors and different diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, recent studies show that at least some anti-diabetic drugs, as well as blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), exert epigenetic effects aside from their hypoglycemic and antihypertensive functions, respectively. More studies are needed to discover other positive effects of the medications established through epigenetic mechanisms and to find out more about the epigenetic role in the development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.
Keyphrases
- cardiovascular disease
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- glycemic control
- type diabetes
- dna methylation
- gene expression
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- cardiovascular risk factors
- risk factors
- arterial hypertension
- angiotensin ii
- high fat diet induced
- adipose tissue
- high fat diet
- skeletal muscle
- weight loss
- oxidative stress
- cardiovascular events
- blood pressure
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- uric acid
- case control
- smoking cessation
- physical activity
- hypertensive patients