Sexual Differentiation Specifies Cellular Responses to DNA Damage.
Lauren BroestlJoshua B RubinPublished in: Endocrinology (2022)
Significant sex differences exist across cellular, tissue organization, and body system scales to serve the distinct sex-specific functions required for reproduction. They are present in all animals that reproduce sexually and have widespread impacts on normal development, aging, and disease. Observed from the moment of fertilization, sex differences are patterned by sexual differentiation, a lifelong process that involves mechanisms related to sex chromosome complement and the epigenetic and acute activational effects of sex hormones. In this mini-review, we examine evidence for sex differences in cellular responses to DNA damage, their underlying mechanisms, and how they might relate to sex differences in cancer incidence and response to DNA-damaging treatments.
Keyphrases
- dna damage
- oxidative stress
- dna repair
- mental health
- liver failure
- papillary thyroid
- gene expression
- dna methylation
- circulating tumor
- drug induced
- single molecule
- respiratory failure
- intensive care unit
- young adults
- cell free
- squamous cell
- copy number
- lymph node metastasis
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- genome wide
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- nucleic acid
- childhood cancer