Electronic Immunoassay Using Enzymatic Metallization on Microparticles.
Josiah RudgeMadeline HoyleNeda RafatAlexandra SpitaleMargaret HonanAniruddh SarkarPublished in: ACS omega (2023)
We present here an inexpensive method for generating a sensitive direct electronic readout in bead-based immunoassays without the use of any intermediate optical instrumentation (e.g., lasers, photomultipliers, etc.). Analyte binding to capture antigen-coated beads or microparticles is converted to probe-directed enzymatically amplified silver metallization on microparticle surfaces. Individual microparticles are then rapidly characterized in a high-throughput manner via single-bead multifrequency electrical impedance spectra captured using a simple and inexpensive microfluidic impedance spectrometry system we develop here, where they flow through a three-dimensional (3D)-printed plastic microaperture sandwiched between plated through-hole electrodes on a printed circuit board. Metallized microparticles are found to have unique impedance signatures distinguishing them from unmetallized ones. Coupled with a machine learning algorithm, this enables a simple electronic readout of the silver metallization density on microparticle surfaces and hence the underlying analyte binding. Here, we also demonstrate the use of this scheme to measure the antibody response to the viral nucleocapsid protein in convalescent COVID-19 patient serum.
Keyphrases
- high throughput
- machine learning
- sars cov
- gold nanoparticles
- coronavirus disease
- high resolution
- single cell
- biofilm formation
- deep learning
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- hydrogen peroxide
- dual energy
- case report
- artificial intelligence
- silver nanoparticles
- big data
- staphylococcus aureus
- escherichia coli
- binding protein
- high speed
- circulating tumor cells
- reduced graphene oxide
- genome wide
- dna methylation
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- amino acid
- density functional theory
- protein protein
- candida albicans
- transcription factor