Perioperative Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels as a Predictor of Postoperative Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder: a Cohort Study.

Patients undergoing common surgical procedures with deficient 25D levels are more likely to have higher opioid use and an increased risk of opioid use disorder compared to those with sufficient levels. Serum 25D levels may serve as a biomarker to identify subjects at increased risk of opioid misuse.