Anxiety and pain perception using a speculum-free eyelid retraction technique for intravitreal injection.
Lauren M WasserEduardo RoditiAdina R WeissYishay WeillMeni KoslowskyDavid ZadokJoel HanhartItay MagalPublished in: Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie (2022)
The lid splinting eyelid retraction technique, a speculum-free technique, was associated with less anxiety and pain in patients than the use of a speculum. As IVI often involves repeated treatment, identifying modifiable factors that may relieve anxiety and pain is of utmost importance.
Keyphrases
- chronic kidney disease
- end stage renal disease
- chronic pain
- pain management
- neuropathic pain
- sleep quality
- ejection fraction
- spinal cord
- diabetic retinopathy
- spinal cord injury
- depressive symptoms
- endothelial cells
- replacement therapy
- age related macular degeneration
- postoperative pain
- optical coherence tomography
- patient reported