Research Progress on Exosomes and MicroRNAs in the Microenvironment of Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders.
Qiao-Mei HuangYing-Ying ZhouHe-Fan HeShu LinXiang-Rong ChenPublished in: Neurochemical research (2022)
Postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a disease that frequently develops in older patients during the perioperative period. It seriously affects the quality of life of the affected patients. Despite advancements in understanding PND, this disorder's mechanisms remain unclear, including pathophysiological processes such as central synaptic plasticity and function, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and neurotrophic support. Growing evidence suggests that microenvironmental changes are major factors for PND induction in older individuals. Exosomes are carriers for transporting different bioactive molecules between nerve cells in the microenvironment and maintaining intercellular communication and tissue homeostasis. Studies have shown that exosomes and microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including neural processes related to PND, such as neurogenesis and cell death, neuroprotection, and neurotrophy. This article reviews the effects of exosomes and miRNAs on the brain microenvironment in PND and has important implications to improve PND diagnosis, as well as to develop targeted therapy of this disorder.
Keyphrases
- stem cells
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cell death
- patients undergoing
- cerebral ischemia
- cell cycle arrest
- end stage renal disease
- induced apoptosis
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- bipolar disorder
- traumatic brain injury
- peritoneal dialysis
- physical activity
- brain injury
- cardiac surgery
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- white matter
- systematic review
- resting state
- multiple sclerosis
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- acute kidney injury
- blood brain barrier
- drug induced
- peripheral nerve
- patient reported
- tissue engineering