Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Basis and Rationale for Their Use in Clinical Practice.
Francesco LasorsaNicola Antonio di MeoMonica RutiglianoMartina MilellaMatteo FerroSavio Domenico PandolfoFelice CrocettoOctavian Sabin TătaruRiccardo AutorinoMichele BattagliaPasquale DitonnoGiuseppe LucarelliPublished in: Biomedicines (2023)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the seventh most common cancer in men and the ninth most common cancer in women worldwide. There is plenty of evidence about the role of the immune system in surveillance against tumors. Thanks to a better understanding of immunosurveillance mechanisms, immunotherapy has been introduced as a promising cancer treatment in recent years. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has long been thought chemoresistant but highly immunogenic. Considering that up to 30% of the patients present metastatic disease at diagnosis, and around 20-30% of patients undergoing surgery will suffer recurrence, we need to identify novel therapeutic targets. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the clinical management of RCC has revolutionized the therapeutic approach against this tumor. Several clinical trials have shown that therapy with ICIs in combination or ICIs and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor has a very good response rate. In this review article we summarize the mechanisms of immunity modulation and immune checkpoints in RCC and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies in renal cancer treatment.
Keyphrases
- renal cell carcinoma
- papillary thyroid
- clinical trial
- patients undergoing
- clinical practice
- end stage renal disease
- squamous cell
- newly diagnosed
- squamous cell carcinoma
- small cell lung cancer
- minimally invasive
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- lymph node metastasis
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- prognostic factors
- public health
- coronary artery bypass
- adipose tissue
- mesenchymal stem cells
- peritoneal dialysis
- acute coronary syndrome
- pregnant women
- type diabetes
- skeletal muscle
- human health
- study protocol
- double blind