Spatial and temporal distribution, degradation, and metabolism of three neonicotinoid insecticides on different parts, especially pests' target feeding parts of apple tree.

This study found significant differences in spatial and temporal distribution, degradation, metabolism, and trends of NIs on different pest target sites of apple trees. The data obtained may help promote scientific control of target pests and evaluation of safety for non-target species in orchards. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.