Association of Growth differentiation factor 15 with arterial stiffness and endothelial function in subpopulations of patients with coronary artery disease: a proof-of-concept study.

This proof-of-concept study showed that higher circulating levels of GDF-15, an inflammatory biomarker, were associated significantly with increased arterial stiffness only in AMI patients, whereas elevated GDF-15 demonstrated a linear relationship with the severity of the myocardial injury.