New Therapies for Primary Hyperlipidaemia.

Primary hyperlipidemias include a heterogeneous set of monogenic and polygenic conditions characterized by a strong family aggregation, severe forms of hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia, appearance early on life and a high risk of cardiovascular events and/or recurrent pancreatitis. In real life, a small proportion of the primary hyperlipidemia cases is recognized and treated properly. Our goal is to present an update of current and upcoming therapies for patients with primary hyperlipidemia. Recently, new lipid lowering medications have obtained FDA and/or EMA authorization. These drugs target metabolic pathways, including (ATP)-citrate lyase (bempedoic acid), PCSK9 (inclisiran), apo CIII (volanesorsen) and ANGPTL3 (volanesorsen), that have additive effects with the actions of the currently available therapies (i.e. statins, ezetimibe or fibrates). We discuss the potential clinical indications for the novel medications. To conclude, the addition of these new medications to the therapeutic options for primary hyperlipidemia patients may increase the likelihood to achieve the treatment targets. Also, it could be a safer alternative for subjects with side effects for the currently available drugs.