Enhanced Glass Transition Temperature of Thin Polystyrene Films Having an Underneath Cross-Linked Layer.

Due to the importance of the interface in the segmental dynamics of supported macromolecule ultrathin films, the glass transition temperature ( T g ) of polystyrene (PS) ultrathin films upon solid substrates modified with a cross-linked PS (CLPS) layer has been investigated. The results showed that the T g of the thin PS films on a silica surface with a ∼5 nm cross-linked layer increased with reducing film thickness. Meanwhile, the increase in T g of the thin PS films became more pronounced with increasing the cross-linking density of the layer. For example, a 20 nm thick PS film supported on CLPS with 1.8 kDa of cross-linking degree exhibited a ∼35 and ∼50 K increase in T g compared to its bulk and that on neat SiO 2 substrate, respectively. Such a large T g elevation for the ultrathin PS films was attributed to the interfacial aggregation states in which chains diffused through nanolevel voids formed in the cross-linked layer to the SiO 2 -Si surface. In such a situation, the chains were topologically constrained in the cross-linked layer with less mobility. These results offer us the opportunity to tailor interfacial effects by changing the degree of cross-linking, which has great potential application in many polymer nanocomposites.