Importance of non-cardiovascular comorbidities in atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Non-cardiovascular comorbidities such as anaemia, diabetes mellitus and kidney or pulmonary disease in addition to advanced age were independent predictors of adverse outcomes in patients with AF and HFpEF. Our study suggests the importance of focusing on these non-cardiovascular comorbidities for individualized risk stratification and optimal management in patients with AF and HFpEF.