Current and emerging treatment modalities for bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults: a comprehensive review.

The routine use of antibiotics should be avoided because most acute RS (ARS) have a viral origin. In patients with persistent/worsening symptoms, the most appropriate empirical therapy is a course of amoxicillin (with or without clavulanate). Macrolides are considered therapy options for CRS mainly because of their anti-inflammatory activity. The best agent, dose, and treatment duration still need to be identified due to a lack of solid evidence. Inflammation and symptoms must also be reduced, mainly by using nasal corticosteroids. Since antibiotic use in bacterial rhinosinusitis is questionable, the research focuses on non-antibiotic antimicrobial treatments.