Near- and long-range electronic modulation of single metal sites to boost CO 2 electrocatalytic reduction.

Tuning the electronic structure of the active center is effective to improve the intrinsic activity of single-atom catalysts (SACs) but the realization of precise regulation remains challenging. Herein, we report a strategy of "synergistically near- and long-range regulation" to effectively modulate the electronic structure of single-atom sites. Zn-N 4 sites decorated with axial sulfur ligand in the first coordination and surrounded phosphorus atoms in the carbon matrix are successfully constructed in the hollow carbon supports (ZnN 4 S 1 /P-HC). ZnN 4 S 1 /P-HC exhibits excellent performance for CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) with a Faraday efficiency of CO close to 100%. The coupling of the CO 2 RR with thermodynamically favorable hydrazine oxidation reaction to replace oxygen evolution reaction in a two-electrode electrolyzer can greatly lower the cell voltage by 0.92 V at a current density of 5 mA cm -2 , theoretically saving 46% of energy consumption. Theoretical calculation reveals that the near-range regulation with axial thiophene-S ligand and long-range regulation with neighboring P atoms can synergistically lead to the increase of electron localization around the Zn sites, which strengthens the adsorption of *COOH intermediate and therefore boosts the CO 2 RR. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.