Risk assessment of neuromuscular stimulation by energy-based transurethral resection devices: an ex vivo test standard.

Our test method is suitable for quantifying the NMS potential of different electrosurgical systems ex vivo with high selectivity at a reasonable degree of standardization and with justifiable effort. Our results suggest that the clinical incidence of NMS is considerably influenced by the type of RF generator. Future generations of RF generators take advantage from the proposed test standard through higher safety and less animal testing. Health professionals and treated patients will benefit most from improved RF surgery using generators with a low NMS risk.