A mobile high-resolution gamma camera for therapeutic dose control during radionuclide therapy.

Objective. Molecular radiotherapy is the most used treatment modality against malign and benign diseases of thyroid. In that context, the large heterogeneity of therapeutic doses in patients and the range of effects observed show that individualized dosimetry is essential for optimizing treatments according to the targeted clinical outcome. Approach. We developed a high-resolution mobile gamma camera specifically designed to improve the quantitative assessment of the distribution and biokinetics of 131 I at patients's bedside after treatment of thyroid diseases. The first prototype has a field of view of 5 × 5 cm 2 and consists of a high-energy parallel-hole collimator made of 3D-printed tungsten, coupled to a 6 mm thick CeBr 3 scintillator readout by an array of silicon photomultiplier detectors. The intrinsic and overall imaging performance of the camera was evaluated with 133 Ba and 131 I sources. In order to test its quantification capability in realistic clinical conditions, two different 3D-printed thyroid phantoms homogeneously filled with 131 I were used. Both single view and conjugate view approaches have been applied, with and without scatter correction technique. Main Results. The camera exhibits high imaging performance with an overall energy resolution of 7.68 ± 0.01%, a submillimetric intrinsic spatial resolution of 0.74 ± 0.28 mm and a very low spatial distortion 0.15 ± 0.10 mm. The complete calibration of the camera shows an overall spatial resolution of 3.14 ± 0.03 mm at a distance of 5 cm and a corresponding sensitivity of 1.23 ± 0.01 cps/MBq, which decreases with distance and slightly changes with source size due to the influence of scattering. Activity recovery factors better than 97% were found with the thyroid phantoms. Significance. These preliminary results are very encouraging for the use of our camera as a tool for accurate quantification of absorbed doses and currently motivates the development of a fully operational clinical camera with a 10 × 10 cm 2 field of view and improved imaging capabilities.