Protective Immunity of COVID-19 Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Following Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Humoral and Cellular Investigation.
Tamiris Azamor da Costa BarrosIngrid Siciliano HorbachDanielle R de A de Brito E CunhaJuliana Gil MelgaçoAndréa Marques Vieira da SilvaLuciana Neves TubarãoAdriana de Souza AzevedoRenata Tourinho SantosNathalia Dos Santos AlvesThiago Lazari MachadoJane SilvaAlessandro Fonseca de SouzaCamilla BaymaVanessa Pimenta RochaAna Beatriz Teixeira FredericoBrenda de Moura DiasBruno Pimenta SetatinoCaio Bidueira DenaniSamir Pereira da Costa CamposWaleska Dias SchwarczMichel Vergne SucupiraEdinea Pastro MendesEdimilson Domingos da SilvaSheila Maria Barbosa de LimaAna Paula Dinis Ano BomSotiris MissailidisPublished in: Viruses (2022)
Infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 induce a severe acute respiratory syndrome called COVID-19 and have led to more than six million deaths worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective preventative measure, and cellular and humoral immunity is crucial to developing individual protection. Here, we aim to investigate hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 triggered by the ChAadOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a Brazilian cohort. We investigated the immune response from ChAadOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in naïve (noCOVID-19) and previously infected individuals (COVID-19) by analyzing levels of D-dimers, total IgG, neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), IFN-γ (interferon-γ) secretion, and immunophenotyping of memory lymphocytes. No significant differences in D-dimer levels were observed 7 or 15 days after vaccination (DAV). All vaccinated individuals presented higher levels of total IgG or Nabs with a positive correlation (R = 0.88). Individuals in the COVID-19 group showed higher levels of antibody and memory B cells, with a faster antibody response starting at 7 DAV compared to noCOVID-19 at 15 DAV. Further, ChAadOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination led to enhanced IFN-γ production (15 DAV) and an increase in activated T CD4+ naïve cells in noCOVID-19 individuals in contrast with COVID-19 individuals. Hence, our data support that hybrid immunity triggered by ChAadOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination is associated with enhanced humoral response, together with a balanced cellular response.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- immune response
- coronavirus disease
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- dendritic cells
- induced apoptosis
- toll like receptor
- magnetic resonance
- mass spectrometry
- computed tomography
- oxidative stress
- machine learning
- signaling pathway
- high resolution
- cell death
- peripheral blood
- atomic force microscopy
- electronic health record
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- zika virus
- high speed