Chronic daily opioid exposure is associated with dysphagia, esophageal outflow obstruction, and disordered peristalsis.

Chronic daily opioid intake is associated with impaired deglutitive LES relaxation and disorganized peristaltic sequence. While a minority of patients on chronic daily opioid therapy present with major esophageal motor disorders, they comprise nearly half of ACH3 and a third of EGJOO motility phenotypes.