Demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors associated with delayed diagnosis and management of pediatric testicular torsion in West China: a retrospective study of 301 cases in a single tertiary children's hospital.

Delayed surgical management for TT was more likely for boys with age less than 6 years, the absence of other diagnosis, with a history of former treatment or symptoms progress, and those living far away from the main city zone. To maximize the possibility of timely surgical management for TT, it is vital to strengthen the public awareness of TT and conduct continuously re-education and update physicians working at primary and secondary healthcare units.