Time from waking to the first cigarette and mortality and incident cardiovascular disease.

Yanzhi LiWenjian LaiHao ZhaoXiali ZhongLan Guo

Published in: Journal of public health (Oxford, England) (2024)

In this cohort study, a shorter TWFC was associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality, mortality from CVD and IHD, as well as incident CVD and IHD.

Keyphrases

cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular events
type diabetes
cardiovascular risk factors
smoking cessation
human health
metabolic syndrome
climate change
risk assessment