Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is a bacterium that can colonize human gastric epithelial cells and cause H. pylori infection, closely related to many gastric diseases. Compared with conventional H. pylori detection methods, emerging diagnostic approaches (such as biosensors) have become potentially more effective alternatives due to their high sensitivity, good selectivity and noninvasiveness. This review begins with a brief overview of H. pylori infection, the processes that lead to diseases, and current diagnostic methods. Subsequently, advanced biosensors in different target-based for diagnosing H. pylori infection are focused, including the detection of H. pylori -related nucleic acid, H. pylori -related protein (such as the cytotoxin, urease), and intact H. pylori . In addition, prospects for the development of H. pylori detection methods are also discussed in the end.