Intra-operative monitoring as an adjuvant to standard vagus nerve stimulation implantation.

Jason John LabuschagneDenis MutyabaJacques NelClaudia Casieri

Published in: Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (2021)

IONM can be used during VNS insertions to ensure correct placement of the leads on CNX. IONM may minimise vocal cord stimulation by placing the lead coils on the area of nerve eliciting the least amount of vocal cord EMG response. IONM however does not appear to improve voice outcomes at early follow up.

Keyphrases

early stage
type diabetes
adipose tissue
skeletal muscle
metabolic syndrome
insulin resistance
glycemic control