Pathophysiology and mechanisms of Acute Coronary Syndromes: atherothrombosis, immune-inflammation, and beyond.

Pathophysiology of ACS has been extensively investigated; however, several gray areas still remain. MINOCA represents one of these areas. At the same time, many aspects of immune-inflammation processes are still unknown. Thus, research should be continued to shed a brighter light on both these sides of "ACS" moon.