The nocebo phenomenon in the COVID-19 pandemic: a nocebodemic effect.

Studies have shown nocebo effects among participants in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines trials, among patients with chronic pain, and among healthcare workers. These effects were widely amplified during the pandemic era, prefiguring a 'nocebodemic effect' to describe the massive negative interpretation of health services and medical treatments. Greater awareness of these findings could reduce the impact of the 'nocebodemic effect' and increase public trust in science.