Quantification of fibrinogen-to-pre-albumin ratio provides an integrating parameter for differential diagnosis and risk stratification of early-stage colorectal cancer.

Preoperative FPR combined with CEA is superior to common tumor biomarkers, FPR, or AFR in distinguishing early-stage CRC from benign colorectal polyps. Circulating FPR can be an effective biomarker for identifying high-risk patients and choosing suitable therapeutics for early-stage CRC.