Polymer-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems for Purines of Established Importance in Medicine.
Piotr SzykBeata Czarczynska-GoslinskaDariusz T MlynarczykBarbara Janina ŚlusarskaTomasz KockiMarta Ziegler-BorowskaTomasz GoslinskiPublished in: Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
Many purine derivatives are active pharmaceutical ingredients of significant importance in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and viral infections. In many cases, their medical use is limited due to unfavorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. These problems can be overcome by the preparation of the prodrugs of purines or by combining these compounds with nanoparticles. Herein, we aim to review the scientific progress and perspectives for polymer-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for purines. Polymeric nanoparticles turned out to have the potential to augment antiviral and antiproliferative effects of purine derivatives by specific binding to receptors (ASGR1-liver, macrophage mannose receptor), increase in drug retention (in eye, intestines, and vagina), and permeation (intranasal to brain delivery, PEPT1 transport of acyclovir). The most significant achievements of polymer-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for purines were found for tenofovir disoproxil in protection against HIV, for acyclovir against HSV, for 6-mercaptopurine in prolongation of mice ALL model life, as well as for 6-thioguanine for increased efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells. Moreover, nanocarriers were able to diminish the toxic effects of acyclovir, didanosine, cladribine, tenofovir, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine.
Keyphrases
- herpes simplex virus
- antiretroviral therapy
- drug delivery
- hiv infected
- hiv positive
- human immunodeficiency virus
- cancer therapy
- mental health
- hiv aids
- healthcare
- drug release
- hepatitis c virus
- sars cov
- hiv testing
- drug induced
- adipose tissue
- stem cells
- type diabetes
- resting state
- men who have sex with men
- human health
- metabolic syndrome
- risk assessment
- adverse drug
- insulin resistance
- skeletal muscle
- binding protein
- wild type
- high resolution
- childhood cancer
- tandem mass spectrometry