Forty-five (76%) cases had predominant involvement of the anterior mediastinum; Hodgkin lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma constituted 12 and 47 cases, respectively. T lymphoblastic lymphoma comprises the most common primary mediastinal lymphoma. There is a marked difference between the demographic profiles of cases with primary mediastinal lymphomas in India and worldwide. A meticulous histological examination to direct a limited panel of IHC markers can help arrive at the final diagnosis in settings where molecular and cytogenetic studies are not performed.