Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by CD4+ and CD8+ that are activated via CD3+ cells and finally lead to the macrophages destroying the beta cells in the pancreas thereby causing diabetes. The anti-CD3 humanized monoclonal antibody was approved on 17th November 2022 by the United States Food Drug Administration (USFDA) with the name teplizumab and the brand name TZIELD. This is the only approved drug that treats type 1 diabetes (T1D) by delaying the onset of stage 3 in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This review outlines essential features of teplizumab including its brief introduction to its mechanism and other therapies for the treatment and various risks as well as the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this disease and the clinical trial reports for the completed and ongoing therapies.
Keyphrases
- type diabetes
- drug administration
- monoclonal antibody
- glycemic control
- induced apoptosis
- clinical trial
- cardiovascular disease
- cell cycle arrest
- nk cells
- insulin resistance
- drug induced
- cell death
- combination therapy
- signaling pathway
- adverse drug
- human health
- open label
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- emergency department
- double blind
- adipose tissue
- cell proliferation
- risk assessment