Causal Effects of Lifetime Smoking on Breast and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Mendelian Randomization Study.
Niki L DimouJames YarmolinskyEmmanouil BourasKonstantinos K TsilidisRichard M MartinSarah J LewisInger Torhild GramMarije F BakkerHermann BrennerJane C FigueiredoRenée Turzanski FortnerStephen B GruberBethany Van GuelpenLi HsuRudolf KaaksSun Seog KweonYi LinNoralane M LindorPolly A NewcombMaria-Jose SánchezGianluca SeveriHilary A TindleRosario TuminoElisabete WeiderpassMarc J GunterNeil MurphyPublished in: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology (2021)
The results from this comprehensive MR analysis indicate that lifetime smoking is a causal risk factor for these common malignancies.