The Normobaric Oxygen Paradox-Hyperoxic Hypoxic Paradox: A Novel Expedient Strategy in Hematopoiesis Clinical Issues.
Michele SalvagnoGiacomo CoppaliniFabio Silvio TacconeGiacomo StrapazzonSimona Mrakic-SpostaMonica RoccoMaher KhalifeCostantino BalestraPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Hypoxia, even at non-lethal levels, is one of the most stressful events for all aerobic organisms as it significantly affects a wide spectrum of physiological functions and energy production. Aerobic organisms activate countless molecular responses directed to respond at cellular, tissue, organ, and whole-body levels to cope with oxygen shortage allowing survival, including enhanced neo-angiogenesis and systemic oxygen delivery. The benefits of hypoxia may be evoked without its detrimental consequences by exploiting the so-called normobaric oxygen paradox. The intermittent shift between hyperoxic-normoxic exposure, in addition to being safe and feasible, has been shown to enhance erythropoietin production and raise hemoglobin levels with numerous different potential applications in many fields of therapy as a new strategy for surgical preconditioning aimed at frail patients and prevention of postoperative anemia. This narrative review summarizes the physiological processes behind the proposed normobaric oxygen paradox, focusing on the latest scientific evidence and the potential applications for this strategy. Future possibilities for hyperoxic-normoxic exposure therapy include implementation as a synergistic strategy to improve a patient's pre-surgical condition, a stimulating treatment in critically ill patients, preconditioning of athletes during physical preparation, and, in combination with surgery and conventional chemotherapy, to improve patients' outcomes and quality of life.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- ejection fraction
- endothelial cells
- prognostic factors
- healthcare
- high intensity
- peritoneal dialysis
- minimally invasive
- physical activity
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- mass spectrometry
- mental health
- patients undergoing
- case report
- stem cells
- metabolic syndrome
- type diabetes
- rectal cancer
- drug delivery
- cerebral ischemia
- molecularly imprinted
- current status
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- acute coronary syndrome
- weight loss
- multidrug resistant
- liquid chromatography
- surgical site infection