Abrupt involution induces inflammation, estrogenic signaling, and hyperplasia linking lack of breastfeeding with increased risk of breast cancer.
Mustafa M BasreeNeelam ShindeChristopher KoivistoMaria CuitinoRaleigh KladneyJianying ZhangJulie StephensMarilly PalettasAllen ZhangHee Kyung KimSantiago Acero-BedoyaAnthony TrimboliDaniel G StoverThomas LudwigRamesh GanjuDaniel WengPeter ShieldsJo FreudenheimGustavo W LeoneGina M SizemoreSarmila MajumderBhuvaneswari RamaswamyPublished in: Breast cancer research : BCR (2019)
We report here for the first time that forced or abrupt involution of the mammary glands following pregnancy and lack of breastfeeding results in expansion of luminal progenitor cells, higher inflammation, proliferation, and ductal hyperplasia, a known risk factor for developing breast cancer.