Bioactive pedicle screws prepared by chemical and heat treatments improved biocompatibility and bone-bonding ability in canine lumbar spines.

Bioactive PSs prepared by chemical and heat treatments formed layers of HA on the surface of screws in vitro that improved biocompatibility and bonding ability with bone in vivo. Bioactive PSs may reduce screw loosening to overcome the obstacles confronted in spinal instrumentation surgery.