Uncovering Harmonization Potential in Health Care Data Through Iterative Refinement of Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Profiles Based on Retrospective Discrepancy Analysis: Case Study.

While the CDS achieves interoperability, different challenges for federated data access arise, requiring more specificity in the profiles to make assumptions on the instance data. We further argue that further harmonization of the instance data can significantly lower required retrospective harmonization efforts. We recognize that discrepancies cannot be resolved solely at the clinical site; therefore, our findings have a wide range of implications and will require action on multiple levels and by various stakeholders.