Evaluation of interactive effects between paternal alcohol consumption and paternal socioeconomic status and environmental exposures on congenital heart defects.
Zhiqiang NieYanji QuFengzhen HanErin M BellJian ZhuangJimei ChenMelissa FrançoisEmily LiptonRosemary MataleWeilun CuiQianhong LiangXiangzhang LuHuiwen HuangJunfeng LvYanqiu OuJinzhuang MaiYong WuXiangmin GaoYating HuangShao LinXiaoqing LiuPublished in: Birth defects research (2020)
Paternal alcohol consumption and multiple paternal factors were significantly associated with CHDs in China. Paternal smoking and low SES factors modified paternal alcohol consumption-CHDs relationships. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.